My First Observation On The Classroom Arrangement

Introduction My second observation was completed at Arts Based Elementary where I observed Alysha Christian and her third grade class. During my observation I saw a lot of techniques that I know are important to help kids with literacy like: a read aloud, a reading section filled with books, and a great teacher. Mrs. Christian. There topic that day was plants and Mrs. Christian did a read aloud, Mrs. Maple’s Seeds, that helped the students learn more about seeds then they watched a video that also helped them learn about seeds. Mrs. Christian incorporated many different types of activities, instruction, and strategy to make for a great lesson! Classroom arrangement Mrs. Christian’s classroom was a lot smaller than Mrs. Payne’s at Caleb’s Creek (who I observed first) but she did make good use of her space. There were three sections of about five desk pushed together to make a table. In the front there was a board where Mrs. Christian could show videos or put notes up. In the back was the rug where they did their read aloud. There was also a small reading section, with tons of books for the students to read. I did not really notice a writing section, but I was sitting at a small table in the back that could have maybe been used as a writing section. Though, I am not sure. On the walls there were tons of art work, most of it was done by the students. She also had these trees on her wall that were designed with different colored plates. The plates were used to representShow MoreRelatedTeaching Technique For Students With Learning Disabilities Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesMy research started by observin g the teacher leading the After School Action Program (ASAP) in which I volunteer. Teaching methods were administered to all students to include students with disabilities. While conducting my observation, several questions arose which lead to my research. 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Analysis of Oxygen Bearing Compunds Free Essays

Analysis of Oxygen bearing Organic compounds Abstract The Unknown sample in the experiment can be tested to yield results such as 1 ° (primary), 2 ° (secondary), 3 ° (tertiary) alcohols. Tests such as the dichromate test, Tollen’s test, Lucas test, DNPH test and iodoform test would be very useful in determining the type of alcohol that the unknown sample belongs to. In the experiment, the unknown sample underwent series of testing to identify what property of alcohol it belonged to and the result was that it was a primary alcohol. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Oxygen Bearing Compunds or any similar topic only for you Order Now It went through the Dichromate reaction, Tollen’s reaction and finally the Lucas reaction. Introduction â€Å"The analysis of oxygen bearing organic compounds† is an experiment in which a variety of tests are available to identify a compound’s property whether it is a primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol. The tests that are included to come up with such results are interconnected with one another like that of the Dichromate test, followed by the Tollen’s test to yield an aldehyde if positive for mirror coating. The second set of procedure would again start with The Dichromate test, followed by the Tollen’s test and finally the Lucas test to yield either primary alcohol if it became turbid or secondary alcohols as it’s result if it did not turn turbid. The last set of interconnected tests were that of again, the Dichromate test, Followed by the DNPH that would determine if the unknown sample is a Ketone (positive for red-orange precipitate) or a tertiary alcohol (if negative for red-orange precipitate). But before going deeper on what these tests are, what first are the difference between their results which are the primary, secondary and the tertiary alcohols, aldehydes and ketones? Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an -OH group. Note however that there are different kinds of alcohols and Alcohols are categorized into different classes depending on how the -OH group is positioned and arranged on the chain of the carbon atoms. Chemical differences between the various types are possible. First to be discussed would be the Primary (1 °) alcohol, in which the carbon carrying the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group. Meanwhile, In a secondary (2 °) alcohol, the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined precisely to two alkyl groups, these alkyl groups that are attached to the carbon chain may be the same or different. In a tertiary (3 °) alcohol, the carbon atom holding the -OH group is attached directly to three alkyl groups, which may be any combination of same or different [1]. On the other hand, another result that can occur would be the presence of ketones and Aldehydes. But again, to understand the experiment further, what are Ketones and aldehydes? A ketone can be characterized as either the functional group categorized by a carbonyl group (O=C) attached to two other carbon atoms or it can be identified as a chemical compound that contains a carbonyl group. A carbonyl carbon bonded to two carbon atoms makes ketones different from carboxylic acids, aldehydes, esters, amides, and other oxygen-containing compounds. The double-bond of the carbonyl group distinguishes ketones from alcohols and ethers. The simplest ketone known is acetone [2]. Lastly among the results is the aldehyde. The term aldehyde seems to have arisen from the wordds alcohol dehydrogenated. Way back in earlier times, aldehydes were at times named after the corresponding alcohols, for example, vinous aldehyde for acetaldehyde. (Vinous is from Latin vinum = wine, the traditional source of ethanol; compare vinyl. ). An aldehyde is an example of an organic compound which has a terminal carbonyl group. This functional group, which consists of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and double-bonded to an oxygen atom (chemical formula O=CH-), is commonly called the aldehyde group. The other names for aldehyde group are formyl and methanoyl group. The aldehyde group is considered polar. Oxygen, which is more electronegative than carbon, pulls the electrons in the carbon-oxygen bond in the direction of itself, creating an electron deficiency at the carbon atom. Owing to resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, an ? -hydrogen in an aldehyde is more acidic than a hydrogen atom in an alkane, with a typical pKa of 17 [3]. Results and discussions The experiment included parallel testing of 3 liquids that would be used for comparison. the first sample would be the unknown sample, the second would be the positive standard in which formaldehyde was used and the last wold be the negative sample in which the simplest ketone, Acetone was used. Only three test were used to determine whether the group’s unknown sample was under the category of primary, secondary, tertiary alcohol, aldehydes or ketones. The three tests were done one after the other in this order: Dichromate test, Tollen’s test, and Lucas test respectively. In the Dichromate test, the unknown sample and the formaldehyde turned green meaning that dichromate oxidized the primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, and aldehydes to ketones or carboxylic acids. Samples turning green would be an indicator that the samples are positive for oxidation and therefore are oxidizable. On the other hand, the acetone remained orange which means that it is not oxidizable and can be further continued to another test, the DPNH test which would prove that it is categorized as a ketone because of the presence of a red-orange precipitate that indicates that the DPNH reagent condenses with the carbonyl containing molecules. The second test that followed the Dichromate test was the Tollen’s test. In this test, the unknown sample turned clear gray and the formaldehyde turned into a dark grey liquid with silver streaks. The silver streaks are similar with the silver mirror coat that means that the Tollen’s reagent oxidized the ammonium salts of the carboxylic acids with this, the formaldehyde was categorized as an aldehyde. Alternatively, The clear grey liquid of the unknown sample would indicate that it was not positive for the Tollen’s test and therefore it would need to continue to be tested so as to decipher if it is a primary or secondary alcohol. The last test would be the Lucas test in which the unknown sample did not turn turbid and therefore it was concluded to be a primary alcohol. Together with the unknown sample that did not turn turbid was isopropyl and MeOH which just remained as clear liquids. then again, the sample liquid that turned turbid was the tertbutyl. By this reaction, it is said that alcohols are converted to alkyl chlorides with ZnCl2 taking into consideration too that different alcohol types respond at different rates with ZnCl2. Table 1. Chemical Test |Unknown sample |Standard (+) |Standard(-) | |Dichromate |*unknown sample turned green |*formaldehyde turned green meaning |*Acetone remained orange meaning it| | |meaning it it oxidizable |it is oxidizable |is not oxidizable | |Tollen’s |*unknown sample turned clear gray |*formaldehyde turned dark gray with|*acetone turned very light grey | | | |silver streaks. then turned clear. | |Lucas |*unknown sample did not turn turbid|*Tertbutyl-turned turbid fast |*Acetone- Clear; already not | | | |*Isopropyl-clear |applicable since it is a ketone. | | | |*MeOH-clear | | Experimentation A. An unknown sample was given and it should be parallel tested with two other standards- one would be positive and one would be negative. B. The Dichromate test started the experiment. 8 drops of the unknown sample as well as the the two other standard- formaldehyde and Acetone was placed in separate test tubes addind 2 drops of of 10% K2Cr2O7 and 5 drops of 6M H2SO4. C. The Tollen’s test followed. 2 ml of freshly made Tollen’s reagent and 5 droops of the unknown sample were mixed. After 5 minutes and the silver precipitate did not form yet, it was placed in a 70 degree water bath for another 5 minutes. Then the results were observed. D. The last test was the Lucas test in which the iunknown sample, tertbutyl, isopropyl and MeOH was tested all at the same time. 5 drops of the sample was and 15 drops of concentrated HCl was mixed together with a â€Å"corn grain† amount of ZnCl2 solid and the appearance of turbidity was observed or not. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the unknown sample that was given to be tested was an oxidizable, primary alcohol based on the tests that were conducted. Since it was positive for the dichromate test, it was deemed to be oxidizable. In the Tolle’s test, as it did not produce a mirror coat, it was directed to the choice of being a primary or a secondary alcohol. And for the last test, the Lucas test, it was finally concluded that it was a primary alcohol since it did not turn turbid. References: Books: †¢ Timberlake, Karen C. , â€Å"General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Structures of Life,Platinum Edition†, Pearson Education, Inc. , 2004 †¢ Bettelheim, F. A. , [et al. ], â€Å"Introduction to organic and biochemistry. 6th ed. †? Belmont, CA : Brooks/Cole, c2007 †¢ Wade, L. G. , . â€Å"Organic chemistry 6th ed. †. Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Pearson Prentice Hall, c2006. Additional On-line sources: †¢ [1] Clarks, j. (2003). Alcohol oxidation. Retrieved September 8 2008 from http://www. chemguide. co. uk/organicprops/alcohols/oxidation. html †¢ [2] N. A, (24 August 2008). Ketones. Wikipedia ®. Retrieved September 8 2008 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ketones †¢ †¢ [3] N. A, (31 August 2008). Aldehydes. Wikipedia ®. Retrieved September 8 2008 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aldehydes How to cite Analysis of Oxygen Bearing Compunds, Essay examples

Corporations Law Principles

Questions: 1. Richard, along with his two sons, has to face the legal issue regarding, What steps are required to incorporate and register a company in Australia? 2. Whether Terry can take any action against Lazarus Pty Ltd, CMS and CM, or not? Answers: Introduction In Australia, there are majorly four types in which the business can be undertaken and these include sole trader, trust, partnership and corporation. The needs and requirements of the individuals finalize the type of business structure elected by such individuals (Australian Government, 2016). The company form of business has various advantages, including tax benefits and raising capital from public. To provide the advice to Richard and his two sons, regarding the selection of company/ corporation as a type of business for converting their family business, the various aspects relating to the incorporation, as well as, registration of the companies in Australia, have been elucidated. A tort is a civil wrong, under which the actions of one person, result in a loss for the other person. In Australia, negligence is considered as a tort law (Latimer, 2012). For the actions of one party, the other party can be held liable. These are cases when the court finds it justified to lift the corporate veil, to deliver the proper justice. In the following parts, the advice has been formed for Terry regarding the success of his claims against Lazarus Pty Ltd, CMS and CM. 1. Rule The Corporations Act, 2001 (CA) presents the various provisions, which are applicable over the incorporation and the registration of the companies in Australia. The first step in this regard is to finalize the type of company, which the person wants to elect. Broadly, there are two types of companies, as per section 112 of CA, public companies and proprietary companies. There are four sub-classifications of public companies, i.e., no liability company, no liability company, limited by guarantee, and limited by shares. On the other hand, the proprietary companies are classified into unlimited with share capital and limited by share (Australian Government, 2017). Though, the proprietary companies are not allowed to sell their shares to the general public, which is not the case in public companies (Australian Institute of Company Directors, 2016). The next step in incorporation of the companies is the selection of the name. There are certain things, which have to be kept in mind, while selecting the name of the company. The name of the company cannot be identical to a pre-existing name as per section 147 of CA. The availability of the name can be checked online. Under section 148 of CA, the name of the company can be selected on the basis of ACN or the Australian Company Number or on the basis of name availability. Moreover, the name of the company has to be affixed with the specified terms, which denote the type of company. For instance, a no liability company must have No Liability, unlimited proprietary company must have Proprietary, limited company has the term Limited, and a limited company has the term Limited at the end of the company name. When a name is finalized, an application has to be made to the ASIC, as per section 152, to reserve the selected name (Australian Government, 2017). Section 117 of CA provides the contents of the application, which has to be filed by the applicants with the ASIC, in order to apply for the registration of the company. In this application, the details of the person who wants to be a member, director, or company secretary of the company, their consent along with details like the type of company, the name of the company, the address of the proposed registered office of the company, the share details and the like, have to be clearly mentioned (Australian Government, 2017). The next step is to select whether the company would be managed under the constitution or replaceable rules, or both. Part 2B.4 of CA contains the provisions to be followed regarding the constitution and replaceable rules. The replaceable rules are applicable over some of the provisions only, as are set out in section 141 of CA. These rules are elected when the members of the company, do not want to go for a constitution. The provisions regarding constitution of a company are covered in section 136 of CA. the companies can adopt the constitution prior to or subsequent to the registration of company (Australian Government, 2017). When the constitution is adopted prior to registration, then the members have to provide their agreement regarding the terms of constitution in writing. A special resolution has to be filed when the constitution is adopted subsequent to the registration (ASIC, 2017). Once a decision is made regarding the adoption of constitution or replaceable rules, or both, an application as per section 117 has to be made with the requisite fees (Australian Government, 2017). As per section 118, when the ASIC is certain that all the elements of the application are complete in all aspects, it provides the company with the ACN, registers the said company and finally, issues the certificate containing details of company, for instance, its name or its type. The day, on which the company gets registered, it comes into existence, as per section 119. And the certificate of registration depicts the name of the company. Until and unless, the company is deregistered, it continues to exist (Australian Government, 2017). Upon incorporation, the company can commence its operations. Though, it has to be ensured that the company name is displayed whenever it conducts its business. Also, the allocated ACN or ABN has to be clearly printed over the company published documents. The companies are also required to keep its details updated, at all times (ASIC, 2017). Application In order for Richard and his two sons to start a family-run company, they have to follow the steps covered in the preceding parts. The first selection has to be made regarding the type of company, which they want to incorporate. Since they want to raise money from the public, they need to go for a public company, which is limited by shares. The next step is to finalize the name of the company. The name can be elected only when it is available; as both names are available, any one of them can be selected. A decision has to be made regarding the name of the company. Ridali name can be elected as the company name, and Richs Guaranteed Olives can be selected as the name of the business (ASIC, 2017). Thus, resolving the dispute. The next choice has to be made regarding the company being ruled under the constitution or replaceable rules. Since, the applicability of replaceable rules apply to certain aspects only, hence, Richard and his sons need to opt for a constitution. Upon following the rest of the steps, they can register and incorporate the company. 2. Rule Liability of Lazarus Pty Ltd Even though the companies are separate legal entities, there are cases, where this status of companies is revoked, and the court lifts/ pierces the corporate veil of the company, to hold the party responsible for the misdeed (Rudorfer, 2009). When the court can establish that a new company has been formed for the purpose of evading the liability of the old company, it treats the new company as a sham/ faade (Cheng, 2011). And, the court, in such cases, pierces the corporate veil, and holds the old company, accountable for its acts, which gave rise to the claims. Creasey v Breachwood Motors Ltd [1993] BCLC 480; 10 ACLC 3,052 is one of the examples of such instance. In this case, the judges pierced the corporate veil, in the interest of justice, in the matter of formation of Breachwood Motors Ltd. Breachwood Motors Ltd was then held accountable for the wrongful dismissal of the employee of Breachwood Welwyn Ltd, as the new company was held as a mere sham to avoid the liabilities of the old company (Griggs, 2017). Application In the given case, Lazarus Pty was formed only for evading the liabilities of CMS, which arose due to its negligence, which resulted in harm for its employees, and for the residents of Gunbarrel. As the objective of formation of this company was a faade, Creasey v Breachwood Motors Ltd, denotes that the corporate veil would be pierced in this and Lazarus Pty would be made to compensate for CMSs negligence. Liability of CMS Negligence is established when a person owes a duty of care towards some other person, and they fail to fulfill this duty, which results in loss or injury to the other person (Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2013). Only when all the elements of negligence are present, can the claim against negligence be established. The elements are the duty of care, the violation of the duty, the resulting loss or injury, the direct causation, the injury to be substantial and not remove, and the foreseeability of such loss (DeMitchell, 2007). Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100 is a key case regarding negligence, where Stevenson was held liable in negligence, due to the snail that was found in his manufactured bottle, which was consumed by Donoghue (Latimer, 2012). Application The company owed a duty of care towards the residents of Gunbarrel and towards their employees. The water was contaminated, as a result of operations of the company, a duty was breached, as this resulted in people getting cancer. This was the harm that both residents of Gunbarrel and CMSs employees had to face. The foreseeability is clear as mining activities result in such diseases. Since all the elements of negligence are present, a case can successfully be made claiming the damages as a result of cancer. Liability of CM Even though holding and subsidiary companies are separate legal entities, the holding can be held accountable for subsidiary in some cases. These cases relate to the lifting of corporate veil to deliver a just and fair decision (Wibberley, Chambers and Gioia, 2017). When the court views the conduct of the company, as against the laws, it can pierce the corporate veil and hold the members or the owners of the company responsible for the debts incurred by the company (Vanderkerckhove, 2007). One instance where corporate veil can be pierced relates to the actions of the subsidiary involving tortuous liability. One of the cases, where this was established, is the case of CSR Ltd v Young [1998] Aust Tort Reports 81-468. For the purpose of liability, the judges considered that the holding and subsidiary companies had similar positions, as the control over the activities of the subsidiary was with the holding (Anderson, 2008). Moreover, the control was quite strong, and this resulted in the activities of subsidiary being treated as being undertaken by the holding. Even when the subsidiaries act as the implied agents of the holding, the corporate veil is pierced. To elucidate this, the case of Smith, Stone Knight Ltd v Birmingham Corp [1939] 4 All ER 116 has to be considered. In this case, as the subsidiary was carrying the business solely for holding, the holding was established to be eligible for the compensation, arising due to operating the business of subsidiary (French, Ryan and Mason, 2016). Application CM is the holding and CMS is the subsidiary in this case study. The above mentioned points have to be established, in order to hold CM responsible for negligence of CMS. Even though CMS was paying a leasing charge to CM, it was in addition to 10% of the leasing costs of the bank. The higher rates depict the strong control of CM. So, as per the first quoted case, i.e., CSR Ltd v Young, CM is responsible. The second aspect is also fulfilled in this case. This is evident from the fact that the leasing was done, with the only objective of subleasing the same to CMS. This was to get the work done by its subsidiary. So, as per the case of Smith, Stone Knight Ltd v Birmingham Corp, the operations of the company were, in reality, being done for CM. This allows the court to pierce the corporate veil and hold CM liable for CMSs negligence. Conclusion From the analysis of the facts, with the rules, it can be established that Terry can take any action against Lazarus Pty Ltd, CMS and CM. and he would successfully be able to recover damages from all three companies. The above analysis highlights the steps that have to be adopted by Richard and sons to incorporate and register a company. References Anderson, H. (2008) Directors Liability for Unpaid Employee Entitlements: Suggestions for Reform Based on their Liabilities for Unremitted Taxes. Sydney Law Review, 30 (470), pp. 478. ASIC. (2017) Constitution and replaceable rules. [Online] ASIC. Available from: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/constitution-and-replaceable-rules/ [Accessed on: 02/02/17] ASIC. (2017) Starting a company - How to start a company. [Online] ASIC. Available from: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/how-to-start-a-company/ [Accessed on: 02/02/17] Australian Government. (2016) Business structure. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/start-your-business/business-structure [Accessed on: 02/02/17] Australian Government. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 [Accessed on: 02/02/17] Australian Institute of Company Directors. (2016) Organisation definitions. [Online] Australian Institute of Company Directors. Available from: https://www.companydirectors.com.au/director-resource-centre/organisation-type/organisation-definitions [Accessed on: 02/02/17] Cheng, T. (2011) The Corporate Veil Doctrine Revisited: A Comparative Study of the English and the U.S. Corporate Veil Doctrines. Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 34(2), pp. 329- 412. DeMitchell, T.A. (2007) Negligence: What Principals Need to Know about Avoiding Liability. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Education. French, D., Ryan, C., and Mason, S. (2016) Mayson, French and Ryan on Company Law. 33rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 135. Griggs, L. (2017) A Note On The Application Of Enterprise Theory To The Problem Of Phoenix Companies. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MacarthurLawRw/1998/3.pdf [Accessed on: 02/02/17] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, CSW: CCH Australia Limited. Legal Services Commission of South Australia. (2013) What is negligence?. [Online] Legal Services Commission of South Australia. Available from: https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch29s05s01.php [Accessed on: 02/02/17] Rudorfer, M. (2009) Piercing the Corporate Veil. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Vanderkerckhove, K. (2007) Piercing the Corporate Veil. Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Wibberley, J., Chambers, G., and Gioia, M.D. (2017) Lifting, Piercing And Sidestepping The Corporate Veil. [Online] Guildhall Chambers. Available from: https://www.guildhallchambers.co.uk/uploadedFiles/PiercingtheCorporate%20Veil.JW,MDG.pdf [Accessed on: 02/02/17]

Hobbes And Rousseau On Good Essays - John Locke, Sovereignty

Hobbes And Rousseau On Good For one to be a good citizen, there are certain expectations a person must follow to achieve this goal. While many people have their own ideas of what makes a good citizen, there is little consensus to exactly what this would be. Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in their books The Leviathan and The Social Contract, create a system of political governing where the citizen plays a certain role and has certain expectations to carry out this role for the governmental system to work properly. In this paper, I will discuss what each of the men believed to be the role of the average citizen to support the state. Both men have quite different opinions in regards to the roles of citizens. While both are good theories, and create a strong case for government, neither is applicable in the real world because what is demanded of the citizen in these systems of government is based on certain assumptions. The assumptions made by these men, both good and bad, are not evident in the every day person. Thomas Hobbes believes, that all men are egocentric, by nature. This is to say that men spend their whole lives looking for what makes the happiest as an individual. Even when men socialize, it is not for the benefit of building strong ties between each other, but simply for personal benefit. Hobbes argues that man is self- centered in nature because he desires power. This arises from the fact that man, unlike animals, may seek things that are not tangible. Hobbes argues, not only are men egocentric, but also equal. Hobbes believes that even though every person may have different levels of strength, intelligence or character that all men are equal. "For such is the nature of men that, howsoever they may acknowledge many others to be more witty or more eloquent or more learned, yet they will hardly believe there be so many so wise as themselves, for they see their won wit at hand and other men's at a distance." (Leviathan, 98) More importantly in dealing with equality, Hobbes believes no matter what power, strength or intelligence one possesses, his vulnerability to be killed is the same. Because man is egocentric, a man's ego, for the most part, will drive his actions. Because of this, a cycle of competition will begin. This cycle of competition can be summed up as the state of nature. In the state of nature, where the strong survive, life is not very good. In the state of nature, man is trying to fulfill certain needs, such as safety or life. Because of these common needs, Hobbes believes man searches for peace. Peace is then achieved through a social contract among the members of the society. Before the social contract to even begin, man must find others willing to go along with it. This becomes difficult because man is very untrusting in the state of nature. This distrust, however, is overcome by the fear of death. A fear of death and of equal vulnerability to it is common with all men and the driving force behind men coming together to form a social contract. To create the social contract, every person must give up the right to judge themselve's, and hand this power over to a third party, the state. The state is founded on a common belief system held my all the people in the new commonwealth. "The only way to erect such a common power, is, to conferre all their power and strength upon one man, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will." (Leviathan, 227) The state is all-powerful and cannot be challenged because the contract would then be broken. The only people that can break the contract are those who agreed to it, therefore the state cannot break the contract, because the state is a result of the contract. Now the Hobbes's social contract has been created and agreed to by the citizens, there are several things the citizens must do to support the state. The demands are simple. A good citizen must obey the state and the laws the state makes. Hobbes believes that citizens have an obligation to obey the government because all of citizens agreed to give up the right to be judge in their own case. Once a citizen has entered into this contract, the citizen's obligation to obey the sovereign is absolute, with one limitation to be discusses later.

Quotes for Engagement Toasts

Quotes for Engagement Toasts Engagements are special because they signify that two people who share a caring relationship have now acknowledged their love for each other. It is after their engagement that the two people finally become a couple in the true sense of the term. You could include a few of the following quotes when making engagement toasts to the happy couple. Famous Quotes for Engagement Toasts Antoine De Saint-ExuperyAnd now here is my secret, a very simple secret; it is only with the heart that one can see rightly, what is essential is invisible to the eye.ThoreauThere is no remedy for love but to love more.Bertrand A. RussellLove is a little haven of refuge from the world.Amy BushnellLove reminds you that nothing else matters.Oscar WildeLong engagements give people the opportunity of finding out each others character before marriage, which is never advisable.Oscar Levant, to Harpo Marx upon meeting Harpos fiancà ©eHarpo, shes a lovely person. She deserves a good husband. Marry her before she finds one.AnonymousLove is just a word until someone comes along and gives it meaning.Keith SweatYou cant stop loving or wanting to love because when its right, its the best thing in the world. When youre in a relationship and its good, even if nothing else in your life is right, you feel like your whole world is complete.Janice MarkowitzIf you have to think about whether you love s omeone or not, then the answer is no. When you love someone you just know.Edgar Allan PoeWe loved with a love that was more than love.

Legal Training Program (for Human Resource Management Class) Essay

Legal Training Program (for Human Resource Management Class) - Essay Example The workforce is becoming increasingly diverse. This contributes to the escalating rate of discrimination. One of the types of discrimination that happens in the workplace is sexual harassment. This is the most unwelcome and embarrassing behavior. Not only it can negatively influence the work performance of an employee, but it can lead to costly lawsuits for the organization. To improve productivity and to address the issue of sexual harassment, a good training program must be implemented. According to Konrad (2007), many of the US organizations are mandating the application of sexual harassment training program especially to their managers (p. 268). The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the federal government had been successful in addressing the concern on sexual harassment by ensuring that organizations under its supervision have conducted a training program for their employees (Swift, 1995, p. 53). A higher percentage of employees have expressed their satisfaction with the program. The assertiveness of the program has helped in reporting harassing behaviors which had been made easier for the victims. The same scenario had transpired in the European community particularly in the nongovernmental and voluntary organizations (Zippel, 2008, p. 66). The EU-wide campaign for sexual harassment training program had proven to be effective because more and more countries are adapting the program such as Germany, France, America and many more. There is discrimination in the workplace if there is hostility toward an individual based on sex, age, religion, race and even disability (Hoffman, 1999). Discrimination likely occurs in the workplace almost every day as employees interact. According to the study â€Å"Sexual Harassment Awareness Training at Workplace: Can it Effect Administrators’ Perception?,† the author found that â€Å"training has significant effects on the perception of sexual harassment ...† (Sabitha,

Theory of Multiple Intelligences Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory of Multiple Intelligences - Research Paper Example Such test scores would then be inferred against a predetermined rating which is supported through statistical techniques. The statistical techniques relate the responses issued by the subjects of different ages. The relating of the scores across ages and across various tests is based on the notion that intelligence is constant and does not change age experience or training (Gardner, 2006). In other words, intelligence is an inborn characteristic of individuals. Gardner pluralized the traditional intelligence concept leading to a new definition and educational approaches. Intelligence becomes the ability to process a specific kind of information. This ability originates within the humans psychological and biological make up (Gardner, 2006). These intelligences consist an ability to solve problems of create products that are a result of one’s cultural and community settings. Gardner came up with eight intelligences, which are linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelli gence, spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and naturalist intelligence. Musical intelligence involves sensitivity to music. It is evident through sensitivity to tones, sounds, rhythms and other musical components. According to Gardner (2006), people who have this intelligence have the ability to compose music, sing and play musical instruments. They have a good pitch and sometimes an absolute pitch. Bodily- kinesthetic intelligences involve the capacity to use one’s entire body or parts of the body to handle challenges. One uses mental ability to coordinate body parts/movement to solve problems (Smith, 2008). Logical-mathematical intelligence comprises of the ability to perform logical analysis of problems, conduct mathematical calculations and examine phenomenon scientifically. The individual can reason deductively, detect patterns and thinking logically. It is often associated w ith mathematical reasoning (Smith, 2008). Linguistic intelligence is characterized by sensitivity to language, both spoken and written. It concerns the ability to acquire or learn languages, and us a language to achieve certain goals (Smith, 2008). This includes ability to use a language as a means for remembering information, and ability to express oneself poetically or rhetorically using a language. Examples of people with these skills include lawyers, poets, speakers and writers among others. Spatial intelligence, on the other hand, comprises the capacity to identify and utilize patterns of open space and confided areas. Interpersonal intelligence is people oriented intelligence, which is consists ability to understand other people’s desires, motivations and intentions. It facilitates coexistence of people. As Smith (2008) Notes, salespeople, counselors, political and religious leaders, and teachers thrive on strong interpersonal intelligence. Intrapersonal intelligence is made up of the ability for self awareness. It involves understanding oneself and appreciating personal feelings, motivations and fears. It also entails developing a working model of ourselves and ability to use such models for self regulation purposes (Smith, 2008). Finally, naturalistic intelligence